EN31 Chemical Composition:

Element	C	Si	Mn	P (Max)	S (Max)	Cr
Content	0.95-1.10	0.10-0.35	0.40-0.70	0.040 Max	0.050 Max	1.20-1.60

EN31 Mechanical Properties:

Property	Metric	Imperial
Tensile Strength	750 N/mm²	108,750 psi
Yield Stress	450 N/mm²	65,250 psi
Reduction of Area	45%	45%
Elongation	30%	30%
Modulus of Elasticity	215,000 N/mm²	31,183,000 psi
Hardness	63 HRC	63 HRC

EN31 Hardness:

EN31 exhibits a high hardness of up to 63 HRC, making it highly wear-resistant and suitable for heavy-duty applications.

EN31 Heat Treatment:

Heat treatment varies based on the shape and size of the EN31 components. Factors like furnace type, quenching medium, and workpiece transfer are critical for optimizing the process.

• Hardening: Heat to 800-820°C, soak thoroughly, then quench in oil.
• Tempering: Typically performed between 150-300°C, soaking for 1 hour per 25 mm thickness.

EN31 Tempering Properties:

Temperature [°C]	150	200	250	300
Hardness (HRC)	63-62	62-61	60-59	57-56

EN31 Physical Properties:

Property	Value
Thermal Conductivity	46.6 W/m·K
Density	7.81 g/cm³
Melting Point	1540°C

EN31 Thermal Properties:

Property	Metric	Imperial
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	11.9 µm/m°C	6.61 µin/in°F
Thermal Conductivity	46.6 W/m·K	323 BTU in/hr.ft².°F

EN31 Forging Properties:

Heat slowly to 1000-1050°C for forging. Ensure adequate soaking at forging temperatures, and do not forge below 850°C. Post-forging, allow EN31 steel to cool slowly, ideally in a furnace.

EN31 Stress Relieving:

Stress-relieving can be beneficial before hardening, particularly for heavily machined components. Heat to 700°C, soak thoroughly, and cool in air.

EN31 Normalizing:

Normalize by heating EN31 to 872°C, followed by slow cooling. This process helps relieve machining stresses and prepares the steel for further treatment.

EN31 Annealing:

EN31 is usually supplied in annealed form. If re-annealing is required, heat slowly to 800-810°C, soak thoroughly, and cool slowly in the furnace.

EN31 Density:

The density of EN31 steel is 7.81 g/cm³, making it a strong and durable material for industrial applications.

EN31 Machinability:

EN31 steel’s machinability is well-suited for the automobile industry. It responds well to wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). Parameters such as pulse on-time, servo voltage, wire feed, and wire tension impact the quality of the machined surface, with low pulse on-time reducing edge roughness.

EN31 Welding:

EN31 Alloy Steel can be welded, but the process must account for its high carbon content to avoid cracking. Preheating and post-weld treatments like annealing are recommended to achieve the desired strength and prevent material failure.

Titan Steel & Engineers Related Products:

Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Bright Steel, Spring Steel, Die Steel & Tool Steel, Special Alloy Steel

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