C-45 Chemical Composition:

Element	C	Mn	P (Max)	S (Max)	Fe
%	0.42-0.50	0.60-0.90	≤ 0.040	≤ 0.050	98.51-98.98

C-45 Mechanical Properties:

Property	Metric	Imperial
Tensile Strength	≥600 MPa	≥61,000 psi
Yield Strength	≥355 MPa	≥36,000 psi
Elongation	≥23%	≥23%
Reduction of Area	≥55%	≥55%
Impact Energy (Akv)	≥98 J	≥72 ft-lb
Hardness (Brinell, unheated)	≤229 HB	≤229 HB

C-45 Hardness:

C45 typically achieves hardness levels of 55 HRC when flame or induction hardened.

C-45 Heat Treatment:

Heat treatment for C45 varies depending on the shape, size, and final properties required. Heating, quenching, and tempering processes should be adjusted accordingly.

C-45 Hardening:

Heat to 820-860°C, allow thorough heating, then quench in oil or water for hardening.

C-45 Tempering:

After quenching, temper C45 at 550-660°C for at least one hour per 25mm of thickness, then cool in air. This will achieve a balance between hardness and ductility.

C-45 Physical Properties:

Property	Metric	Imperial
Modulus of Elasticity	205 GPa	29,732 ksi
Density	7.85 g/cm³	0.284 lb/in³
Specific Heat Capacity	0.48 J/g.K	0.115 BTU/lb°F

C-45 Thermal Properties:

Property	Metric (T = 100°C)	Imperial (T = 100°F)
Thermal Conductivity	42.7 W/m-K	296.1 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Specific Heat	477 J/kg-K	0.114 BTU/lb°F

C-45 Forging Properties:

Preheat to 1100°C and forge at temperatures down to 850°C. Allow slow cooling, preferably in a furnace, to avoid cracking or distortion.

C-45 Stress Relieving:

Heat to 550-660°C, allow temperature uniformity, then cool in air. This removes residual stresses caused by machining or other cold work.

C-45 Normalizing:

Normalize C45 by heating to 840-880°C, followed by air cooling. This process refines the grain structure and improves machinability.

C-45 Annealing:

For annealing, heat to 680-710°C and allow slow cooling in the furnace. This process softens the material for machining.

C-45 Density:

The density of C45 steel is typically 7.7-8.03 g/cm³.

C-45 Machinability:

C45 exhibits good machinability when heat treated or cooled from forging. It is suitable for most machining operations, including turning and milling.

C-45 Welding:

C45 can be welded using normal fusion methods, but special attention should be given before carburizing or hardening and tempering to avoid compromising its mechanical properties.

Titan Steel & Engineers Related Products:

Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Bright Steel, Spring Steel, Die Steel & Tool Steel, Special Alloy Steel

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